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Valves are control components in fluid transport systems, with functions such as cutoff, regulation, diversion, backflow prevention, pressure stabilization, and flow splitting. The types and specifications of valves used in fluid control systems are quite diverse, ranging from the simplest shut-off valves to various complex valves used in automatic control systems. Different types of valves have significant differences in their working principles.
Ball valves were introduced in the 1950s and have rapidly developed into a major type of valve within just 40 years, thanks to the rapid advancement of science and technology, as well as continuous improvements in production processes and product structures. Ball valves are mainly used in pipelines for cutting off, distributing, and changing the flow direction of media. They can achieve a tight seal with just a 90-degree rotation and a very small torque.
Globe valves control the opening degree of the valve by the up and down movement of a round valve core. Also known as stop valves, they are one of the most widely used types of valves. Therefore, when the valve is closed, pressure must be applied to the valve disc to force the sealing surface to prevent leakage. When the medium enters the valve from below the valve disc, the resistance that the operating force needs to overcome is the friction between the valve stem and the packing, as well as the thrust generated by the pressure of the medium. The force required to close the valve is greater than that to open it, so the diameter of the valve stem must be large; otherwise, there will be a risk of bending failure of the valve stem.
Butterfly valves, also known as flap valves, are a type of simple structure regulating valve that can be used for switch control of low-pressure pipeline media. The closing component is a disc that rotates around the valve shaft to achieve opening and closing. These valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids, including air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil products, liquid metals, and radioactive media. They mainly serve to cut off and throttle flow in pipelines. The closing component of a butterfly valve is a disc-shaped butterfly plate that rotates around its own axis within the valve body to achieve opening, closing, or regulation. The butterfly plate is driven by the valve stem, and a 90-degree rotation completes one opening and closing cycle. By changing the deflection angle of the butterfly plate, the flow rate of the medium can be controlled.
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